Jayakatwang's revolt was assisted by Arya Wiraraja, : 199 a regent from Sumenep on the island of Madura, who secretly despised Kertanegara. However, seizing the opportunity of the lack of an army guarding the capital, in 1292 Jayakatwang, the Duke of Kediri (Gelang-gelang), a vassal state of Singhasari, revolted against Kertanegara. Kertanegara sent a massive army to Sumatra in this Pamalayu campaign. Meanwhile, after defeating Malayu Dharmasraya in Sumatra in 1290, Singhasari became the most powerful kingdom in the region. The officers were the Mongol Shi-bi, the Yugur Ike-mese, who were experienced in overseas voyages, and the Han Gao Xing. Īccording to the History of Yuan, 20,000–30,000 men were collected from Fujian, Jiangxi, and Huguang in southern China, along with 500 –1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year. The Yuan dynasty could then control the Asian sea trade routes, because of the strategic geographical position of the archipelago in trading. According to Kublai Khan, if the Yuan forces were able to defeat Singhasari, the other countries around it would submit themselves. Kublai Khan was shocked and ordered a punitive expedition against Kertanegara, whom he labeled a barbarian, in 1292. The King of Singhasari, Kertanegara, was offended by Men-shi's proposal and branded his face with a hot iron as was done to common thieves, cut his ears, and scornfully sent him on his way. Men-shi or Meng-qi (孟琪), one of his ministers, was sent to Java (Singhasari) but was not well received there. Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, had sent envoys to many states demanding that they pay tributes and submit themselves to the Mongol empire (Yuan dynasty). In the end, the invasion ended with Yuan failure and victory for the new state, Majapahit. After a fierce campaign, Kediri surrendered, but the Yuan forces were betrayed by their erstwhile ally, Majapahit, under Raden Wijaya.
Thus, the Yuan expeditionary force was directed to obtain the submission of its successor state, Kediri, instead. However, in the intervening years between Kertanegara's refusal and the expedition's arrival on Java, Kertanegara had been killed and Singhasari had been usurped by Kediri.
This was intended as a punitive expedition against Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of their emissaries. The Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan attempted in 1292 to invade Java, an island in modern Indonesia, with 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers.
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